Air Quality in Modern and Industrialized Cities

Question: The issue of air quality in China went to the universes consideration during the 2008 Olympic games. The city of Linfen is viewed as one of the most contaminated places on earth. Are there similitudes between these cutting edge urban areas and modern urban areas in Britain during the nineteenth century? What are the issues? How is the setting unique? What long haul arrangements would you be able to propose? Answer: During the nineteenth century, there was the nonappearance of the Green Industrialization, which incites the likeness of contamination between the cutting edge and mechanical urban communities of Britain. The noteworthy rise of the industrialization subject is the essential explanation causing the ascent of run of the mill issues looked by the cutting edge urban communities (Chambers, 2013). Because of the modern transformation, these urban areas are facing the high danger of air contamination ceaselessly hampering the natural equalization. The correlation between the settings is exceptionally entangled, as the state of Lifen is generally like the situation of 21st century though the urban communities of Britain to the nineteenth century. Along these lines, the need of a drawn out arrangement is required by reconsidering the financial turn of events (Evans, 2014). In light of the contentions, the nations need to become certain degree of flourishing to move over the filthy periods of industrialization. References Chambers, L. A. (2013). Grouping and degree of air contamination problems.Air Pollution Volume I. Evans, E. J. (2014).The producing of the advanced state: early mechanical Britain, 1783-1870. Routledge.

The Congressional Committee System

The Congressional Committee System The congressional advisory groups are regions of the U.S. Congress that focus on explicit territories of U.S. residential and international strategy and general government oversight. Regularly called the â€Å"little legislatures,† congressional boards survey pending enactment and suggest activity on that enactment by the entire House or Senate. The congressional panels furnish Congress with basic data identified with particular, as opposed to general subjects. President Woodrow Wilson once composed of the boards, â€Å"It isn't a long way from reality to state that Congress in meeting is Congress on open display, while Congress in its advisory group rooms is Congress at work.† Brief History of the Committee System Today’s congressional board framework had its beginnings in the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, the first and still the most yearning rebuilding of the first arrangement of standing councils as utilized in the First Continental Congress in 1774. Under the 1946 Act, the quantity of perpetual House councils was diminished from 48 to 19 and the quantity of Senate boards of trustees from 33 to 15. Moreover, the Act formalized the wards of every panel, in this way assisting with solidifying or wipe out a few advisory groups and limit clashes between comparative House and Senate boards of trustees. In 1993, a brief Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress confirmed that the 1946 Act had neglected to constrain the quantity of subcommittees any single board of trustees could make. Today, the guidelines of as far as possible each full council to five subcommittees, with the exception of the Appropriations Committee (12 subcommittees), Armed Services (7 subcommittees), Foreign Affairs (7 subcommittees), and Transportation and Infrastructure (6 subcommittees). In any case, panels in the Senate are still permitted to make a boundless number of subcommittees.â Where the Action Happens The congressional board of trustees framework is the place the move truly makes place in the U.S. law-production process. Each office of Congress has boards of trustees set up to perform explicit capacities, empowering the authoritative bodies to achieve their regularly unpredictable work all the more rapidly with littler gatherings. There are roughly 250 congressional boards of trustees and subcommittees, each accused of various capacities and all made up of individuals from Congress. Each chamber has its own advisory groups, despite the fact that there are joint boards containing individuals from the two chambers. Every board of trustees, passing by chamber rules, receives its own arrangement of rules, giving each board its own uncommon character. The Standing Committeesâ In the Senate, there are standing advisory groups for: horticulture, nourishment, and forestry;appropriations, which holds the bureaucratic handbag strings and is, in this way, one of the most impressive Senate committees;armed services;banking, lodging, and urban affairs;budget;commerce, science, and transportation;energy and characteristic resources;environment and open works;finance; outside relations;health, instruction, work, and pensions;homeland security and legislative affairs;judiciary;rules and administration;small business and enterprise; andveterans issues. These standing councils are perpetual administrative boards, and their different subcommittees handle the stray pieces work of the full advisory group. The Senate additionally has four select advisory groups accused of progressively explicit undertakings: Indian issues, morals, insight, and maturing. These handle housekeeping-type capacities, for example, keeping Congress genuine or guaranteeing the reasonable treatment of American Indians.Committees are led by an individual from the lion's share party, frequently a senior individual from Congress. Gatherings allocate their individuals to explicit advisory groups. In the Senate, there is a breaking point to the quantity of boards of trustees on which one part may serve. While every board of trustees may enlist its own staff and suitable assets as it sees fit, the larger part party frequently controls those choices. The House of Representatives has a few of indistinguishable boards of trustees from the Senate: agriculture,appropriations,armed services,budget,education and labor,foreign affairs,homeland security,energy and commerce,Judiciary,natural resources,science and technology,small business,and veterans undertakings. Boards of trustees interesting to the House incorporate House organization, oversight and government change, rules, measures of authentic direct, transportation and foundation, and available resources. This last advisory group is considered the most compelling and looked for after House board, so incredible that individuals from this board can't serve on some other councils without a unique waiver. The board has purview over tax collection, in addition to other things. There are four joint House/Senate panels. Their regions of intrigue are printing, tax collection, the Library of Congress, and the U.S. economy. Councils in the Legislative Process Most congressional councils manage passing laws. During every two-year meeting of Congress, truly a huge number of bills are proposed, however just a little rate is considered for entry. A bill that is supported regularly experiences four stages in board of trustees. Initially, official offices give composed remarks on the measure; second, the council holds hearings in which witnesses affirm and answer questions; third, the advisory group changes the measure, once in a while with contribution from non-board of trustees individuals from Congress; at last, when the language is settled upon the measure is sent to the full chamber for banter. Gathering advisory groups, normally made out of standing board individuals from the House and Senate who initially thought about the enactment, likewise help accommodate one chambers form of a bill with the others. Not all boards of trustees are authoritative. Others affirm government representatives, for example, administrative adjudicators; research government authorities or squeezing national issues; or guarantee that particular government capacities are completed, such as printing government reports or regulating the Library of Congress. Phaedra Trethan is an independent author who additionally fills in as a duplicate editorial manager for the Camden Courier-Post. She earlier worked for the Philadelphia Inquirer, where she expounded on books, religion, sports, music, movies and eateries. Refreshed by Robert Longley

Irony Examples

Irony Examples Irony Irony is the figurative term for the disconnect between what appears to happen or what is apparently being said and the actual truth or reality. Examples of Irony: There are three types of irony: Situational Irony-where actions or events have the opposite result from what is expected or what is intended Verbal Irony-where someone says the opposite of what they really mean or intend; sarcasm is a particularly biting form of verbal irony Dramatic Irony-occurs when the audience or reader of a text knows something that the characters do not Situational Irony Examples: 1. There are roaches infesting the office of a pest control service. 2. A plumber spends all day working on leaky faucets and comes home to find a pipe has burst in his home. Verbal Irony Examples: 1. Looking at her son's messy room, Mom says, "Wow, you could win an award for cleanliness!" 2. On the way to school, the school bus gets a flat tire and the bus driver says, "Excellent! This day couldn't start off any better!" Dramatic Irony Examples: 1. The audience knows that a killer is hiding in the closet, but the girl in the horror movie does not. 2. The reader knows that a storm is coming, but the children playing on the playground do not. Examples of Irony in Literature: 1. In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the audience/reader knows that Juliet has faked her death, but Romeo does not and he thinks she is really dead. (dramatic irony) 2. In To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, the main character Scout goes to school and is already able to read. While one would expect a teacher to be pleased about that, Scout's teacher does not like that she is already able to read. (situational irony) 3. In Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, Mr. Darcy says of Elizabeth Bennett that she is not "handsome enough to tempt me," but he falls in love with her in spite of himself. (verbal irony)

Personal Statement For A Private Practice - 1383 Words

Welcome to my private practice. I believe in therapy as a confidential partnership between us as two individuals. This confidential process is one I have designed to help address your issues, worries, and more, better understand yourself, and learn effective coping strategies you can utilize in your everyday life. In order for this process to work, it will involve the sharing of sensitive, personal, and private information on your part. During the course of counseling, you may experience moments of increased anxiety or confusion. However, our goal is to achieve a positive outcome by pushing through those moments in an effort to either fix, eliminate, or process them. I am available to walk you through this process, but will not be able to†¦show more content†¦In order to be most successful, you will also need to work on things we discuss outside of sessions. You maintain the right to ask any questions or make any comments about anything that happens during our sessions. I am always willing to discuss how and why I’ve decided on the method I have, and am constantly looking for alternatives, adjustments, and more. You also maintain the right to leave, ask to be referred to another specialist, or discuss another method with myself or my office at any time. Although I do ask and recommend that you give me advanced notice, so that I may help you transition through this change. Sessions The first month of sessions will include a thorough evaluation of your needs and self. By the end of this evaluation, I will be present some initial impressions of what our time together might consist of. At that time, we will discuss your treatment goals and create a primary treatment plan. This treatment plan might change as treatment continues and changes come into play. You should evaluate this information and make your own conclusions and judgments about whether or not you feel comfortable working with this plan or myself. If you have questions about my work, it is best that we discuss them when they initially arise. If your doubts persist, I will be happy to help you set up a meeting with another mental health professional for a second opinion. Ending Sessions As mentioned above, you may endShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics And Ethics762 Words   |  4 PagesAlso, code of ethics serves as a formal ethics statement improving the organization’s image protecting it from lawsuits and further regulation. Code of ethics policies are designed for organizations to follow in everything they do. Employees are bound by the rules and regulations of these policies sometimes relieving organizations from unlawful lawsuits. The general overview of organizational policies includes a value statement, written statements of ethics policies, comprehensive and specificRead MoreInformation On Email Etiquette, Security Risks, Image Issues And A Recommendation923 Words   |  4 PagesSugar, 2013) Proper email etiquette is achieved by educating employees about what is acceptable and not acceptable for work.Teaching these concepts can be simplified by grouping them into categories. Employees need to consider these general practices any time they use email: I.Proper grammar II. Professionalism III.Courtesy Proper grammar Employees should know the audience and what level of formality to. The email should be clear, organized, and easy to read. Slang, emoticonsRead MoreTeacher Handbook Essays1546 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence and mold the ideas and thought of young people. There is an inherent responsibility of being a role model whether the teacher is in the classroom or in the grocery store. 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However, it has also become a controversial practice due to concerns that companies are crossing the line between effective advertisement and respect for the privacy of individuals. In this paper, I argue that data mining of personal data for marketing purposes has become unacceptably invasive of people’s private inf ormation, as with the new practice of collecting informationRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment And The Rights Of Search Warrants1195 Words   |  5 Pagesown papers and their personal effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. However, if there is probable cause of criminal or harmful intent being committed with a particular person or persons, than warrants can be issues with the written out plan of what is exactly going to be searched and exactly whom. Sometimes, in the mist of criminal activity the rights of search warrants are waved. In some cases it is also needed to be determined exactly what personal private space is; for exampleRead MoreGender Equality : Female Attrition From Private Law Practice Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesEquality: Female Attrition from Private Law Practice is a study done by Fiona M. Kay, Stacey L. Alarie, and Jones K. Adjei, in which they seek to research the possible existence and effects of gender inequality in the practice of law. There are multiple hypotheses in this study; a total of 6 with sub parts to a number of them. The first hypothesis to be tested is how the greatest risk of job moves out of private practice will occur during the early years of practice experience. Hypothesis 2: â€Å"WomenRead MoreThe Right to Own Property Essay923 Words   |  4 Pageswe take away these rights. While we hear about violations of freedom of speech in the news often, one of the more overlooked yet equally as concerning violations of civil rights is the right to own property. Regularly, governments will seize the private property of an individual, and sometimes even auction or sell said property. Whilst this is an unjust act, it occurs time and time again and we have seen repeats through different governments throughout history. One of the greatest tragedies the

Teaching Is The Easiest Job - 882 Words

Teaching is one of the most well known careers known to man; it has existed for centuries and probably has existed since the beginning of humanity. Thus, many may think it is very simple to get in front of a group (class) and lecture about a certain topic. When in actuality it is not, it is very complicated having to get up in front of a class especially if you’re a shy person not used to the concept of talking in front of a large group of people; I have faced a similar challenge, and steadily overcoming the fears associated with teaching. Over the summer I worked with students at a local school called Hanley International Academy, I taught ladies that were older than me, and are ESL; I honestly thought it was the easiest job ever prior to starting. However, I started to understand that teaching needs time and explaining within the time I worked I took everything serious. Before beginning any teaching, I had to assist each student’s ability to understand English. Then, I started off with very simple assignments. When teaching ESL students the first step is to explain what the alphabet, how much are letters are in the alphabets, and how to use them. Then you have to teach them how to write them when they have understood how to read and write then you must move on to the next concept. That doesn’t mean to forget about it completely. Next, you say the alphabets and let them read after you until they have pronounced it perfectly. Then start with the next step I madeShow MoreRelatedIssues Of Multicultural Ed ucation / Special Education844 Words   |  4 Pageswill start with proper teaching and committing to it, along with having more support from the parents. Children in special education are the same as any other child, but involves more needs to be met in order to help these children along the learning process. This continues as having more public and parental support and showing more appreciation for our Special Education teachers. Special Education is a challenging position and many individuals believe that it is the easiest job in the world. We areRead MoreA Report On The Classroom930 Words   |  4 PagesI am glad to see the teacher in Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District, who had a student present a sex ed demonstration with a cucumber and a condom, has been allowed to resume teaching. I understand that House Bill 999 clearly states, â€Å"The instruction or program (sex education) may include a discussion on condoms or contraceptives, but only if that discussion includes a factual presentation of the risks and failure rates of those contraceptives. In no case shall the instruction orRead MoreGraduation Speech By Mr. Davis856 Words   |  4 Pageshis thoughts. While Mr. Davis’s responses are more detailed, Mrs. Immel gave me a few responses I would also like to discuss. I can see a trend in Mr. Davis’s responses. 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The author described that inner-city schools find themselves to be one of the hardest places for educators when it comes to teaching. This is because these schools tend to suffer in student attendance, graduation rates, large class sizes, and a lack of good materials to meet classroom needs. These types schools, however, are not the only ones to deal with these problems, but theyRead MoreEnglish 99 - Morality And Professional Responsibility966 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional Responsibility â€Å"English 99 † - an essay by Frank Gannon, illustrates the experiences of teaching a college class on introductory writing. Gannon, the english professor, displays the characteristics of an amoral man: lacking moral sensibility (distinguishing what is right and wrong) which may cause consequences to himself or others. With a person like Gannon, one cannot expect much from his teaching methods. Gannon represents an adult whose amorality created the lack of professional responsibilityRead MoreEvaluation Of Training And Training1021 Words   |  5 Pageswhether training is even a necessity. Some supervisors feel there is nothing to evaluate. Others feel that such evaluations are too costly. Yet others may feel evaluations will threaten their current job or that no one really cares about the evaluations. Trainings can range from annual, to mandatory, or for job advancements. Some employers required monthly, yearly and yet others require no training at all. According to a current report by American Society for Training and Development, $126 billion dollarsRead MoreEssay on Future Career: Early Education Teacher851 Words   |  4 Pageshave for the job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everyone thinks being a teacher obtains easiest , which it might be, but to get a teaching degree may a lot harder than what it looks like. Starting in high school, child development, computer applications, keyboarding, teacher assisting, public speaking, and psychology embrace important classes to take during your high school career. This would advance someone who took this compared to someone who has no idea about the education and childhood field. Also, job shadowingRead MoreHigh School And Selective Honors Programs983 Words   |  4 Pagesto the rest of the class, it became exceedingly obvious that the numbers don’t support the notion that they are the â€Å"elite† scholars of the school. Many of the â€Å"elite† were there for one reason only, they knew how to play the system by picking the easiest teachers for each subject. Now of course there were a couple of students that were indeed hard workers and very intellig ent, our valedictorian is a great example of that. But the majority of them were anything but. Most of their test scores (AP, SAT

Finance Project of Smith and Caughey’s †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Finance Project of Smith and Caugheys. Answer: Opportunities and threats: The following are the major opportunities that Smith and Caugheys could experience through the purchase of a new building for improving its business operations: Continuation of investment in research and development: As Smith and Caugheys is a technology-based firm in New Zealand, it needs to engage in continual innovation for sustaining in the market. This would enable the organisation to enhance its current technologies for offering something new to the present customers along with attracting new ones (Bocken et al., 2013). This would help in increasing the overall revenue base and in turn, gross income of the organisation. However, the internal rate of return would be minimised slightly due to the rise in initial outlay. Strategic acquisitions: With the help of this new project, Smith and Caugheys could make considerable investment in strategic acquisitions for improving its overall processes (Hamilton Webster, 2015).In order to find greater technological access along with saving money and time for building technology, it could search to acquire organisations that could offer benefits to them. In this case, no effect would fall on the gross income of the organisation; however, the internal rate of return is expected to rise. The following are the major threats that Smith and Caugheys could experience through the purchase of a new building for improving its business operations: Global economic environment: It has been observed that there is definite uncertainty related to the global political and economic situations (Horkoff et al., 2014). With the volatility in the prices of oil and gas, the political turmoil is inherent in the global business environment. This could have negative impact on the demand for the top drive units for Smith and Caugheys. Hence, this would reduce the gross income and the net cash inflows of the organisation, which would have adverse effect on IRR. For mitigating this threat, it is necessary for the organisation to increase the portion of its retained earnings so that it could use the same for running its daily operations in such situation. Seasonal variations: Smith and Caugheys is susceptible to demand variations because of seasonality, as drilling operations could be conducted in specific areas when they are frozen and in some places when there is summer (Kotler, Berger Bickhoff, 2016). Therefore, seasonal variations could have influence on planning and execution of the proposed project, as IRR and gross income might increase or decrease based on the seasonal fluctuations. For mitigating this risk, new product lines need to be added so that the organisation does not have to encounter severe downfall in sales revenue due to fall in demand. Operating plans/ strategies: In order to meet the financial projections, it is necessary for Smith and Caugheys to undertake the following series of steps: The first step is to lay out the figures in a useful format and it needs to be organised in a manner for spending in each category of expenditure. The next step would be to contrast the overall expenditures with the total income for balancing its project budget. The third step is to ensure that the funds are utilised as set out in the initial budget plan, which could be made with the help of a spreadsheet. This is because it would help Smith and Caugheys to know whether it has enough in each of its expenditure categories. References: Bocken, N., Short, S., Rana, P., Evans, S. (2013). A value mapping tool for sustainable business modelling.Corporate Governance,13(5), 482-497. Hamilton, L., Webster, P. (2015).The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Horkoff, J., Barone, D., Jiang, L., Yu, E., Amyot, D., Borgida, A., Mylopoulos, J. (2014). Strategic business modeling: representation and reasoning.Software Systems Modeling,13(3), 1015-1041. Kotler, P., Berger, R., Bickhoff, N. (2016).The quintessence of strategic management: What you really need to know to survive in business. Springer.

Young Generations free essay sample

In fact in developed countries  we have too many deaths among youngsters caused by car | | |accidents, and major causes of deaths among adults caused by an unhealthy lifestyle. | |conclusion |To sum up, talking about disasters does not  inspire confidence in  people. The best way to deal with| | |disasters is to inform people about the causes and possibility a disaster might occur to them. | Implementation TV news and broadsheets give too much attention to disasters and wars. This happens mainly because newspapers are eager to sell  as many copies as possible. Beside news readers and TV editors are more interested in topping the audience score to earn money from advertising rather then giving the correct information. If we talk too much about disasters and natural catastrophes people become anxious. In fact peoples minds are not able to discern between near or remote threats and distinguish between real or false risks. As a consequence giving general information about natural catastrophes like hurricanes and floods, which usually happen in tropical areas, or like earthquakes, which generally occur along geologic faults, can generate unjustified fears. We will write a custom essay sample on Young Generations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A second point is that governments should concentrate their resources  on educating people about the risksthey face nearer their homes. In fact in developed countries  we have too many deaths among youngsters caused by car accidents, and deaths among adults caused by unhealthy lifestyles. Moreover governments should focus their actions on solving issues that involve youths, like drug addiction and alcohol abuse. The best way to address  these  problems is preventing them from  starting, that is educating the young generations. In my opinion, the best place for educating children about the risks of using drugs are families. Our governments should promote campaign of information over drug addictions that takes flyers and brochures into every house, as the same as our politicians do when they want our vote. To sum up, talking about  disasters does not  inspire confidence in  people. The best way to deal with disasters is to inform people about the causes that generate a disaster and the possibility that one might occur to them.

Fiber Optic essays

Fiber Optic essays As the Application of fiber optic become more and more widespread, fiber connections are not just an interconnection of digital device any more; it is changing the way of local communication. Fiber optic is now gradually become the singular cabling medium by replacing the variety of copper cable types and much of the microwave spectrum due to its faster and better performance. Coaxial cable, adequate for very limited distances @ 270Mbps, will become useless compared to fiber optics gigabit rate. Fiber optic will predominate the cabling system not only for broadcast video or audio production, but also for sound reinforcement, display, timing and general administrative data networks. We will see fiber optic dominate local communication before 2005. Moreover, the move from analog to digital transmission schemes has converted traditionally freestanding and unrelated systems into services potentially sharing a common network, such as cable TV providers not only offer video, but also internet and telephone services. Even though the distinctions between terminal equipment types have begun to blur, however, there are some advantages, such as, people can take pictures, reads his or her email, and makes phone calls with a cellular handset. Furthermore, in the new generation, cameras, editors, control equipment, will combine with fiber optic systems to create ultra-compact flyaway units. We will find fiber optic component everywhere around us. By now the most of the technical reasons that fiber is the future are based on distance, bandwidth, size, weight, ground isolation, immunity to noise, etc. However, possibly the most important and least recognized feature of fiber optics is its ability to transmit any type of signal. Looking forward to the future, fiber optic technology will not only apply to cabling system, but also as a component of devices in the new generation. ...

An overview of scrum methodology

An overview of scrum methodology Software development organizations have become more interested in agile methodologies, whose focus is client collaboration, individual value, and adaptation to change. Scrum is a framework within which people can address complex adaptive problems, while productively and creatively delivering products of the highest possible value. Scrum makes clear the relative efficacy of your product management and development practices so that you can improve. The Scrum framework consists of Scrum Teams and their associated roles, events, artifacts, and rules. Each component within the framework serves a specific purpose and is essential to Scrum’s success and usage. What is the scrum? Scrum is a framework for managing work with an emphasis on software development. It is designed for teams of three to nine developers who break their work into actions that can be completed within time-boxed iterations, called sprints (typically two-weeks) and track progress and re-plan in 15-minute stand-up meetings called daily scrums. Approaches to coordinating the work of multiple scrum teams in larger organizations include Large-Scale Scrum, Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) and Scrum of Scrums, among others. Scrum values:- Scrum is a feedback-driven empirical approach which is, like all empirical process control, underpinned by the three pillars of transparency, inspection, and adaptation. All work within the Scrum framework should be visible to those responsible for the outcome: the process, the workflow, progress, etc. In order to make these things visible, scrum teams need to frequently inspect the product being developed and how well the team is working. With frequent inspection, the team can spot when their work deviates outside of acceptable limits and adapt their process or the product under development.[18] These three pillars require trust and openness in the team, which the following five values of Scrum enable:[14] Commitment: Team members individually commit to achieving their team goals, each and every sprint. Courage: Team members know they have the courage to work through conflict and challenges together so that they can do the right thing. Focus: Team members focus exclusively on their team goals and the sprint backlog; there should be no work done other than through their backlog. Openness: Team members and their stakeholders agree to be transparent about their work and any challenges they face. Respect: Team members respect each other to be technically capable and to work with good intent. Scrum roles:- The three roles defined in scrum are the ScrumMaster,the product owner, and the Team (which consists of Team members). The people who fulfill these roles work together closely, on a daily basis, to ensure the smooth flow of information and the quick resolution of issues. ScrumMaster The ScrumMaster (sometimes written â€Å"Scrum Master,† although the official term has no space after â€Å"Scrum†) is the keeper of the process. The ScrumMaster is responsible for making the process run smoothly, for removing obstacles that impact productivity, and for organizing and facilitating the critical meetings. The ScrumMasters responsibilities include Removing the barriers between the Development Team and the Product Owner so that the Product Owner directly drives development. Teach the Product Owner how to maximize return on investment (ROI), and meet his/her objectives through Scrum. Improve the lives of the development Team by facilitating creativity and empowerment. Improve the productivity of the development Team in any way possible. Improve the engineering practices and tools so that each increment of functionality is potentially shippable. Keep information about the Team’s progress up to date and visible to all parties. In practical terms, the ScrumMaster needs to understand Scrum well enough to train and mentor the other roles and educate and assist other stakeholders who are involved in the process. The ScrumMaster should maintain a constant awareness of the status of the project (its progress to date) relative to the expected progress, investigate and facilitate resolution of any roadblocks that hold back progress, and generally be flexible enough to identify and deal with any issues that arise, in any way that is required. The ScrumMaster must protect the Team from disturbance from other people by acting as the interface between the two. The ScrumMaster does not assign tasks to Team members, a task assignment is a Team responsibility. The ScrumMaster’s general approach towards the Team is to encourage and facilitate their decision-making and problem-solving capabilities so that they can work with increasing efficiency and the decreasing need for supervision. The goal is to have a team tha t is not only empowered to make important decisions but does so well and routinely. Product Owner The Product Owner is the keeper of the requirements. The Product Owner provides the â€Å"single source of truth† for the Team regarding requirements and their planned order of implementation. In practice, the Product Owner is the interface between the business, the customers, and their product related needs on one side, and the Team on the other. The Product Owner buffers the Team from the feature and bug-fix requests that come from many sources and is the single point of contact for all questions about product requirements. Product Owner works closely with the team to define the user-facing and technical requirements, to document the requirements as needed, and to determine the order of their implementation. Product Owner maintains the Product Backlog (which is the repository for all of this information), keeping it up to date and at the level of detail and quality, the Team requires. The Product Owner also sets the schedule for releasing completed work to customers and make s the final call as to whether implementations have the features and quality required for release. Team The Team is a self-organizing and cross-functional group of people who do the hands-on work of developing and testing the product. Since the Team is responsible for producing the product, it must also have the authority to make decisions about how to perform the work. The Team is therefore self-organizing: Team members decide how to break work into tasks, and how to allocate tasks to individuals, throughout the Sprint. The Team size should be kept in the range from five to nine people, if possible. (A larger number make communication difficult, while a smaller number leads to low productivity and fragility.) Note: A very similar term, â€Å"Scrum Team,† refers to the Team plus the ScrumMaster and Product Owner. Scrum pros:- Scrum can help teams complete project deliverables quickly and efficiently: Scrum ensures effective use of time and money Large projects are divided into easily manageable sprints Developments are coded and tested during the sprint review Works well for fast-moving development projects The team gets clear visibility through scrum meetings Scrum, being agile, adopts feedback from customers and stakeholders Short sprints enable changes based on feedback a lot more easily The individual effort of each team member is visible during daily scrum meetings Scrum cons:-Nothing is perfect, and the Scrum methodology is no exception. In some cases, Scrum is combined with other project management techniques that can help resolve some of these drawbacks: Scrum often leads to scope creep, due to the lack of a definite end-date The chances of project failure are high if individuals arent very committed or cooperative Adopting the Scrum framework in large teams is challenging The framework can be successful only with experienced team members Daily meetings sometimes frustrate team members If any team member leaves in the middle of a project, it can have a huge negative impact on the project Quality is hard to implement until the team goes through the aggressive testing process Scrum process:- Needless to say, proper planning and smart decision making can help you get past these disadvantages with the Scrum methodology. For example, in larger teams, each member needs to have defined roles and responsibilities with definite goals, so that there is no compromise on quality and no excuse for failure. This will keep the team focused to project goals. Plus, the ScrumMaster needs to guide the team effectively to avoid pitfalls and ensure 100% project success.

Global Organizational Environment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Organizational Environment - Article Example This is a reflective essay which summarises my learning experience gained through the entire model describing each of the sessions undertaken by me all through the course. One aspect has been chosen in each of the sessions’ and an academic journal has been selected which helped me to have a further detailed knowledge about the topics covered in each of the sessions. Session 1: Organizational form and purpose The first session of the module was meant to have an understanding about the various types of business concerns operating in different parts of the world and how they are governed. This session was a great learning experience for me that helped me to have a wide knowledge about different types of organisations, their primary motives or purposes, the concepts of corporate governance and stakeholders and the various ethical issues concerned with the business activities followed by the organizations. The concept of corporate governance and the problems related to the agency t heory was an interesting topic discussed in this session. Agency theory is one of the corporate governance theories which have marked significant importance in the recent years. Jensen and Meckling (1976) are commonly associated with the term agency theory as found in most of the existing literature. The journal named â€Å"A Survey of Corporate Governance† by Shleifer and Vishny (1997) helped me to know more about the issues related to corporate governance systems followed by different business organisations worldwide. It also helped to have knowledge about the concept of ownership concentration found in business concerns. Enron can be cited as one of the many examples related to an organisation which restored to unethical accounting practices because of the existing agency problems associated with the company. It is recorded as one of the major accounting scandals which have ultimately led to the downfall of Enron (Arnold, & Lange, 2004). Session 2: Transnational business a nd its role in contemporary society This session was aimed at having knowledge about the various roles played by transnational companies (TNCs) and how they have contributed to global trade. This session helped me to learn about the impacts of TNCs on the global trading environment, different types of internationalisation strategies followed by organisations, costs and benefits associated with free trade mechanism, and role of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organisation (WTO). Different types of internationalisation strategies followed by TNCs and other global organisations were of particular interest to me. Internationalisation is a process which is followed by organisations to expand their business outside their national boundaries and it can be achieved through various strategies followed by different firms. The journal named "Internationalization strategies for services" by Gronroos (1999) speaks about five types of internationalisation strategies that are followed by service organisations with their motives to establish their business abroad. Those internationalisat

Relationships and Sexuality Worksheet and Journal Essay

Relationships and Sexuality Worksheet and Journal - Essay Example This paper highlights that the passages offered for consideration provide a comprehensive look at Christian perception of human relations based on the idea of unselfish help, love and cooperation in the name of God. The righteousness is reflected in a kind and respectful way a person treats other people. At the same time, the importance of careful choice of friends is emphasized, for friends should help a person in self-improvement and encourage all the best traits and qualities. Thus, these passages shape the attitude towards relationships based on benevolence.As the report outlines sexuality viewed from the Christian point of view should be free of impurity and sexual immorality. The key ideas promoted in the given passages are: 1) the connection between a human and the God through the body and thus necessity to keep the body ‘clean’ from adultery, sexually immoral actions and evil desires; 2) the idea of mutual marital fidelity and being loyal to a single person whom one has once chosen. In other words, sexuality in Christian context has certain moral restrictions that should keep people from crossing the line between sexuality and immorality.  The purpose in life is a kind of a lighthouse that leads us though the life journey, otherwise we could easily get lost. In fact, a person can take anything for a life purpose, anything that fills his/her way with sense turning mere existence into full life.  

Holdens Fear in The Catchter in the Rye :: essays research papers

In The Catcher in the Rye Holden fears growing up he will get uncomfortable when talking about adult situations, he would avoid seeing people just to avoid an adult predicament. Whether it will be a confrontation with his sister, or talking about a racy book with an adult he always seems to get timid. He is not quite yet ready for adulthood. This is something he needs to get ready for soon. He is 16 going on 17 and before he knows it he will be a grown up and will have to support himself and have a steady job. That involves communication. Holden will do absurd things just to avoid an uncomfortable situation even if it is his own sister whom he trusts more than anyone else. He searches for most of his afternoon for his sister and finally tracks her down. He has not seen her in a long time and he will have to tell her that he had gotten kicked out of Pency. Fearing what she might think or say, putting Holden in an uncomfortable position, made Holden leave when he could have been a little late for his date with Sally Hayes. Sally would have been reasonable if he was not there on time for seeing his sister whom Holden has not seen since he left for school. You do not just spend all afternoon searching for someone or something and once you find them or it leave, it just does not make any sense. Holden is becoming a man and the thought of sex should not scare him. He should be able to uphold conversations with them, even if the topic is racy. You both are grownups and it is human nature, it is natural and it is nothing to feel embarrassed or ashamed to talk about. While he is at the train station talking to the nuns about the play Romeo and Juliet he gets real uncomfortable. He said ?It feels weird talking to nuns about a book that gets pretty sexy at points.? Holden is now a young adult and should be able to talk about a book that contains that. The sexy parts we not even a part of the conversation just the thought of the book made him uneasy. He really likes to avoid discussions that contain sex. Holden truly fears growing up he would be close to someone he loves and just leave because he is afraid.

Academic Performance and Use of Electronic Gadgets Essay

Development in the world is expanding to new levels. Let it be anything, technology has made things more knowledgeable and convenient. Today, the world has turned into a world of electronic gadgets. The electronic gadgets have advanced in various ways. Today, you will find gadgets that fulfill your everyday needs. These gadgets can be anything from a grinder to a camcorder to a laptop. The origins of the word â€Å"gadget† trace back to the 19th century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, there is anecdotal evidence for the use of â€Å"gadget† as a placeholder name for a technical item whose precise name one can’t remember since the 1850s; with Robert Brown’s 1886 book Spunyarn and Spindrift, A sailor boy’s log of a voyage out and home in a China tea-clipper containing the earliest known usage in print. These can be given as gifts to boys as well as girls. You can gift a play station or any game to a school going boy on his birthday or any occasion. A college going boy can be gifted a laptop or a handy cam, whichever is important and useful to him. Videos are not only created for college projects but, today they can also be created during family or friends. Get-togethers or some family functions. They store family memories for years which can be watched whenever you feel like watching them. Gadgets like cellular phones are used on a daily basis to communicate with your near and dear ones. You can also gift it to them. In the software industry, â€Å"Gadget† refers to computer programs that provide services without needing an independent application to be launched for each one, but instead run in an environment that manages multiple gadgets. There are several implementations based on existing software development techniques, like JavaScript, form input, and various image formats It is on this situation that the researcher was intended to conduct an investigation to identify the perception of secondary students about the use of electronic gadgets, the advantages, disadvantages and effects as well. Statement of the Problem The main purpose of this study is to determine the academic performance and use of electronic gadgets among secondary students of CSULS S.Y: 2012-2013. In addition, the advantages, disadvantage and effectiveness of these problems were also determined. This is done through descriptive survey using questionnaire to be answered by students of CSULS. Specifically, the survey will answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of CSULS students in terms of: a. Age b. Gender c. Year and Section d. Academic Performance e. Monthly Income 2. What are the different electronic gadgets that are used by CSULS students? 3. Does the frequent use of electronic gadgets affects and influences students’ academic performance? 4. Is there any relationship between the profile and the kind of electronic gadget used by CSULS students? Significance of the Study The result of this research study determined the academic performance and the use of electronic gadgets among secondary students of CSULS; S.Y 2012- 2013. In that way, one will have an idea on what teenage magazine shall he/she use. The Parents, this research would tell them on what particular electronic gadgets brings usefulness and harm to their children. The Students, themselves will know on what electronic magazine shall be a help and a hindrance for their academic performance. The Researcher, this research study will aid the students and the parents as well on the limitations of use of electronic gadgets. Scope and Delimitations The study is conducted to determine the academic performance and use of electronic gadgets among secondary students of Catanduanes State University Laboratory Schools. From Grade-7 to Fourth year students SY: 2012-2013. It focuses mainly on the perception of secondary students about the use of teenage magazine during vacant times. It comprises 8 sections namely; 7-Amethyst, 7-Pearl, II- Chrysanthemum, II-Daffodils, III- Platinum, III- Gold, IV- Einstein, IV- Galileo. The demographic characteristics included in this research are age, gender, year, and section, academic performance and monthly income. Definition of Terms * Gadget- the main factor of this study that affects academic performance * CSULS- school where the study was focused * Respondent – the one who will answer the study * Academic Performance- performances shown by students regarding academic matters. (Quizzes, Periodic Test, Recitation, etc) * Secondary Students- scope of the study * CSU Lab Students referring to all officially enrolled students of CSU Laboratory School CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE & STUDIES READINGS * Nabisunsa Girls School – no phones Grace Kitego, a teacher at Nabisunsa Girls School, says they do not allow students to carry mobile phones because they distract students and impact negatively on their academic performance * Kiira College Butiki – confiscated Isaac Tibasima, a teacher at Kiira College Butiki, says the school does not allow students to carry mobile phones because they increase the risk of moral decay. * Vienna College – times change Vienna College offers both local and international education curriculums and has an enrolment of both Ugandan and foreign students. Mohammed Kakiika, the headmaster, says they have no option but to accept their students to carry mobile phones to school since they are a necessity for communication. LITERATURE Cellphones Affect Academic Performance By Michael Kanaabi and Vicky Wandawa A study was conducted by Kanaabi and Wandawa on Aug. 3, 2010 that cellularphones affects the academic performance of students. This study indicates that cellular phones is a huge distraction to one’s attention especially on school hours. Thus, some schools prohibits the use and bringing their cellphones at school. Some of them use phones to call examiners and other students who may have access to examination papers. This is common during national, regional and district examinations. This causes panic and confusion among students because they get varying information from different sources and on many occasions, focus on revising the wrong way, thus failing. Conceptual Framework This study is anchored with the theory that those secondary students’ frequency of usage of electronic gadgets of the said sections has an effect on each of their academic performances. This can be proven in their perceptions used as the independent variable and the academic performance as dependent variable. Figure 1 THE CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE Academic Performance Frequency of usage of electronic gadgets HYPOTHESES There is no significant difference between the academic performance and use of electronic gadgets of secondary students of CSULS S.Y: 2012-2013. RESEARCH DESIGN The study will use the longitudinal survey design in its attempt to determine, describe and analyze the relationship of each. It tries to find out if the independent variable significantly influences the dependent variable. References DiCaprio, N. (1976). The good life: models for a healthy personality. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. â€Å"Elizabeth.† (2004, July). Real Pretty [Letter to the editor]. Seventeen, 014. Hager, S. E. (1998). Using self-esteem as a concept for guiding early adolescent females toward healthy eating behaviors: A learning module. (Unpublished Masters of Science thesis, Michigan State University, 1998). McFarland, R. (1988). Coping through self-esteem. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. Media Awareness Network. (2004). Beauty and body image in the media. Retrieved November 9, 2004, from http://www.mediaawareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty.cfm. Media Awareness Network. (2004). Masculinity and advertising. Retrieved November 9, 2004, from http://www.mediaawareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/men_and_masculinity/masculinity_advertising.cfm. Media Awareness Network. (2004). Media and girls. Retrieved November 9, 2004, from http://www .mediaawareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_girls.cfm. Media Awareness Network. (2004). Resisting stereotypes and working for change. Retrieved November 9, 2004, from http://www.mediaawareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/wome n_reform.cfm. 16Meyers, M. (Ed.). (1999). Mediated women: Representations in popular culture. Creskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc. Nachbar, J.G., Lause, K., & Nachbar, J. (1992, October 1). Popular culture: an introductory text. Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press. [Excerpt Retrieved November 9, 2004, from http://www.serve.com/shea/stereodf.htm.] Plotnik, R. (2005). Introduction to psychology. (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning. Waltz, T. (2004, November)

The Policy Process - 1582 Words

The Policy Process HCS/455 05/28/13 Jay Littleton The Policy Process In today’s health care system it is constantly improving and changing, due to the demands of the health care system. For this to happen new policies must be created or even improving old policies. Congress is involved in the process of policy making; including three stages such as foundation stage, legislative stage, and implementation stage. When a health care topic is in process of becoming a policy it hopes to reach a desired outcome to have a positive effect on people. In the policy making model it has its strengths and limitations. Its strength is the reduction of complexity of policy making to manageable. The†¦show more content†¦Politics can determine if Americans would have health care insurance or even if our country will be in debt. If the health care reform was repealed that would out 32 million from having health care coverage but because of the reform those 32 million will gain coverage under the law. With two main different political p arties they debate on the health care policy topic. The upcoming debates in the House have impact on health care policy in the United States. â€Å"Of all the problems with the current health care system, perhaps the most insidious is that the system is fueled by special interest groups† (Daily Finance, 2009). The special interest groups all want to put their hands in the pot. They pay large sums of money to try to convince legislators to draft legislation in their favor. Sooner or later they will need to agree on a solution or else the cost will continue to rise but the quality of care will fall. Special interest groups can determine the health care development. They play nice so they can be involved in health care reform discussions but in the 1990’s they ended Hilary Clinton’s health care reform. Special interest groups want what’s best for them and benefits them in the end. For example the health insurance company’s profits increased 428 percen t from 2000 to 2007. It is reported that theShow MoreRelatedThe Policy Process1524 Words   |  7 PagesTHE POLICY PROCESS 1 The Policy Process HCS/455 December 2, 2011 The Policy Process 2 The Health care industry has many policies, rules and regulations that have to be followed in order to have a successful company in today’s world. The Health care industry has many policies that keep companies in compliance with all the rules and regulations in order to protect the consumers, patients andRead MorePolicy Process Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesPart II: The Policy Process Melissa Paciello Health Care Policy: The Past and the Future/HCS 455 April 11, 2011 Bette Sorrento Part II: The Policy Process Part I of the policy process involves, the formulation phase, the evaluation or legislation phase, and the implementation phase. 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Looking at the attitude of the 1950’s and 1960’s when smoking was thought of as cool, suave, mature, etc., there has been a major turnaround in the way society looks at the use of tobacco. Now the issue is not just smoking and the damage to health that it causes, but now there is the additional awareness of what second hand smoke can do to individualsRead MoreLeadership : The Public Policy Process1299 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: LEADERSHIP 1 Leadership in the Public Policy Process Sharon Lockhart Foundations of Public Administration/PPA601 Dr. LaQuita Gray-Baker April 3, 2017Read MoreThe American Public Policy Process966 Words   |  4 PagesThe American public policy process is a system that consists of laws, regulatory measures, action items, and funding priorities controlled by the elected representatives. 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Pursuing Democracy An Analysis Of The Development Of...

Pursuing Democracy: An Analysis of the Development of American Government The passing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776 marks the beginning of of the United States of America, but the ideas that influenced the development of American government have roots extending to the dawn of civilization. As long as humans have lived in community, the desire to keep order has spawned many experiments in finding an effective system of government. Examination of the development of American government reveals the influence of several civilizations, including ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, British and other European civilizations, and Native American civilizations—particularly the Iroquois Nation. The political theory and government system used by each of these civilizations impacted the thoughts and actions of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America, resulting in the government system seen in America today. Influences of Ancient Civilizations Influence of Ancient Greece The Greek city-state of Athens governed itself through a direct democracy, a system of government in which all citizens participate in government through casting a vote (DeLorenzo, 2000). Participation in Athenian democracy was mandatory for all citizens, punishable by monetary fines and physical public humiliation. Athens was unique among Greek city-states because it had one of the largest democracies in terms of population. Responsibilities of citizens in Athens includedShow MoreRelatedDevelopment And Democracy : The Wider Field Of Political Economy2013 Words   |  9 Pageswhether citizens of poor countries, as they experience rapid development, are willing to concede certain of their democratic liberties in exchange for development. Once they have attained a certain level of development, do they demand for more of those democratic rights? This research question fits into the wider field of political economy. 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Editha, by William Dean Howells Essay - 826 Words

William Dean Howells was an advocate of realism in writing; he believed that literary art should reflect the reality of the common man and demonstrate the truth of everyday current issues. He believed in truthful writing and he accepted very little at face value. He practiced this belief in his own writing, and his story called â€Å"Editha† is a good example of this. In this ironic tragedy, W.D. Howells shows the truth and nature of war. He uses a combination of metaphoric characters, irony, and the pathos appeal to create an almost grotesque parody of the reality of war. In final analysis, Howells is successful in highlighting the consequences of war and inspiring the audience to question the wisdom of those who advocate armed conflict.†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the author uses George as a metaphor for those who would fight, kill, and die in the war; this element is an important part of the author’s persuasive strategy. W.D. Howells wants to appeal t o the values and the emotional sensibility of his audience, for this reason, Howells portrays George as passive and unsure of himself. George is fearful of the war and he sees no glory in it. He believes that God is peaceful and the idea that God would advocate for war runs counter to George’s belief in peace. In short, the author uses George’s story to illustrate the consequences of war for the reader. This strategy works to persuade a resistant audience to relate to George, hence, lowering their resistance to the anti-war message of this piece. W.D. Howells uses irony to illuminate the difference of perspective and conflict of interest between Editha and George. Editha is so busy trying to fix what she believes is wrong with George; she does not recognize the flaws in her own thinking. She secretly sees George as less than he is because of his peaceful nature, and she does not imagine that George is aware of her low regard of him. Editha uses three reasons to support her advocacy for the war, first, that to fight in the war will be glorious. Second, that the war is ordained by God, and third, that to fight for the country is to show devotion or loyalty. Similarly, war advocates have used these same reasons to rally the citizens to battle in past wartimes.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Editha by William Dean Howells582 Words   |  3 PagesEditha by William Dean Howells The story Editha by William Dean Howells and the poem Reconciliation by Walt Whitman are part of a true national literature. They are both told in a way that only we as Americans could ever understand. They speak of war in all of its glory, and they speak of all of the pain left behind. Editha is a story about a woman who loves her country so much that she would be willing to give up anyone who does not feel as she does. 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The use of realistic or lifelike settings described by the author or narrated by a character, add a layer of realism to the story, even if the story itself is fictitious. The characters themselves are often portrayed as believableRead MoreLiterary Realism : A Movement1602 Words   |  7 Pageswere very detailed. Realist authors began to write about what was going on in the world and focused on realistic/plausible plotlines that were relatable to the working middle class families and their problems. Writers such as Mark Twain, William Dean Howells, and Henry James began to write realistic stories with realistic characters that usually depicted their region, class, gender, and age. Since most stories were based on the life of average middle class people the stories of this time were moreRead MoreThe Struggle for Power in The Yellow Wallpaper, Daddy, and Editha2112 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Literature 9 March 2013 The Struggle for Power in The Yellow Wallpaper, Daddy, and Editha Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s piece, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† (written in 1890, published in 1892), is a semi-autobiographical piece that, although believed to be a result of her severe postpartum depression, illustrates the difficulties faced by women during the Women’s Movement. These difficulties are further illustrated by the similarly semi-autobiographical poem, based on Plath’s father andRead MoreEssay on Impact of World War One on American Literature1807 Words   |  8 Pageswillingness to kill or be killed is shown in many works, including William Dean Howells short story Editha. In the story, there is a young couple engaged to be married when war breaks out. The young man, George Gearson, is unsure about enlisting, for he is more of an intellectual type than he is a soldier looking for a fight. Georges fiancà ©e is Editha, who in her innocent ignorance cannot see why George even has to question enlisting. Editha sees war as a chance for George to be a hero and thereby becomeRead MoreAnalysis Of Annabel Lee s A Kingdom By The Sea1780 Words   |  8 Pagesbanish us, you know. (Dickenson) In William Dean Howells story Editha, he shows both views realism and romatasism in one and showing the end result. Editha is all emotionally bound by the romance idea of the glorious warrior coming home valiantly after war. Her boyfriend George isn t the type to go hunting for glory, he s a timid fellow and Editha pressures him into signing up for the war. Shortly afterwards he is killed in battle, glorious for Editha, hell for his family. Before signing upRead MoreSentimental Plot Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesnot kill her to state a point, it just so happened that she caught fever. So in some sort of way this story can sometimes be said that it was not your typical sentimental plot. Another male writer that followed the sentimental hereon was William Dean Howells â€Å"Editha† this was about a young unmarried woman who practically forces her boyfriend to enter the war in order to show off in front of others. â€Å"I shall always love you, and therefore I shall never marry any one else. But the man I marry must love

Assessment is the most powerful tool for learning Free Essays

string(131) " excessively much on one or the other, so it could be said that the world of pupil accomplishment in the schoolroom is inaccurate\." Appraisal in assorted signifiers has been in usage for a long clip, Wainer A ; Braun 1988 study that insistent appraisal was in usage within China from about 2200 B.C. These trials were organised harmonizing to the rule that a little set of personal accomplishments measurings could bespeak how a individual was traveling to execute. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment is the most powerful tool for learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, within instruction, there is limited grounds for execution of dependable and valid appraisals of pupil public presentation before the morning of the twentieth century. Dochy, F. , A ; McDowell, L. ( 1997 ) , Newton, P. ( 2010 ) , Black, P, Harrison, C, Lee, C, Marshall, B A ; Wiliam, D ( 2003 ) all agree that instruction is recognised across the universe as possibly the most critical public service of all, and that within instruction, appraisal is indispensable to let all pupils to be given the educational support they require, and to let the pedagogue to find the effectivity of different educational methods within the pupils larning procedure. Summational and formative appraisals can be identified as the cardinal methods by which instructors and other educational professionals gather grounds of pupil acquisition. This does non connote that there should be a pick between appraisal for larning ( formative appraisal ) and appraisal of acquisition ( summational appraisal ) , as both have instruction maps that support pupil accomplishment. Assessment for larning explores the possibility for accomplishment for acquisition by the pupil, and indicates the following measure to be taken in order to advance larning through the kineticss of instruction and acquisition, whereas, appraisal of acquisition shows what has been already achieved, memorised, absorbed and displays merely a limited snapshot of the current scholastic state of affairs. With the usage of appraisal for acquisition, learning professionals are able to supply penetrations into advancement that a pupil has achieved, and how the school and its staff have contributed to this development. Wiliam, D. and Leahy, S. ( 2007 ) indicates that the compelling issue is guaranting that the chosen type of appraisal best suits the educational acquisition end and intent of the pupil. If the educational intent is to better acquisition, so of course, appraisal for larning would be best suited. However, if the educational intent is to describe on a current state of affairs and to compare students against pre-determined criterions or other pupils, so appraisal of acquisition should be used. Although some tools used for both signifiers of appraisal may be the same, for illustration verbal inquiring, the cardinal issues emerging from the feedback provided by educational professionals Black, P, Harrison, C, Lee, C, Marshall, B A ; Wiliam, D 2003 indicates that it is imperative to maintain focused on the fact that appraisal for larning purposes at bettering acquisition, whereas appraisal of larning purposes at mensurating public presentation of the pupils. Summational appraisal besides e nsures answerability of educational constitutions and the professionals working within those constitutions. Professionals and cons Black, P. , et Al, ( 2003 ) tells us that although appraisal today can be placed within these two countries of formative and summational appraisal, their definitions may hold become confused in the past few old ages, peculiarly the definition of formative appraisal. Harlen, W. ( 2004 ) Indicates that a instructors ‘ deficiency of apprehension of the cardinal differences between appraisal for acquisition and appraisal of larning can take to confusion within the category room, and hinder educational advancement of the pupil if appraisal is non used in the right manner. ( Harlen, W. ( 2004 ) . Appraisal of acquisition may be conducted by professionals who are external to the school, for illustration educational inspectors, who may be required to supply a snapshot of an educational constitution at a peculiar point in clip. However, they may non ever know or understand the school context and life in the necessary item in order to supply a balanced appraisal. As seen late with the debut of conference tabular arraies ( dcsf.gov.uk 2009 ) , there is a high hazard of the incorrect type of appraisal being used to rate instructors, pupils and educational installations as successes or failures. Short-run summational public presentation appraisals may neglect to take history of the scene in which pedagogues and scholars map, taking to a spiral of â€Å" Teach to prove † methods where the lives of pupils and everyone involved in their instruction, progressively revolve around trials. Teachers hence narrow their course of study to learn to the trial, and school decision makers and the general populace are going score-obsessed. Appraisal for Learning ( formative appraisal ) is concerned with roll uping grounds about larning that is used to accommodate instruction and program following educational stairss. Evidence about acquisition is important as it indicates if there has been a displacement, or non, in the procedure of larning for a given pupil. On the footing of such grounds, instructors can explicate targets/goals and are able to supply pupils with feedback about their acquisition ( Hattie and Timperly, 2007 ) , clearly bespeaking to pupils non merely what they need to larn, but besides giving them information on how best they can larn it, hence lending to pupils ‘ contemplation on their ain acquisition. Recent research on the topic of appraisal and acquisition ( Black and Wiliam, 1998 ; Black et al. , 2002 ) provides strong grounds that appraisal can be used to better academic degrees and criterions, in peculiar, formative appraisal where pupils have a common apprehension of the marks they are dr aw a bead oning to make and how to make them can be an effectual tool to better acquisition. Black and Wiliam ( 1998 ) , Boud, D ( 1995 ) to boot reported that significant betterments in overall public presentation, in peculiar with low-attainers, could be successfully achieved where self appraisal was used to promote larning within those pupils. ( It is normally agreed that appraisal is one of the most powerful educational tools for advancing effectual acquisition ) . Both are needed In a balanced appraisal system, both summational and formative appraisals are an built-in portion of any information assemblage procedure about any pupil. Therefore, if an pedagogue depends excessively much on one or the other, so it could be said that the world of pupil accomplishment in the schoolroom is inaccurate. You read "Assessment is the most powerful tool for learning" in category "Essay examples" Teachers find themselves transforming their instruction as on-going appraisal reveals how pupils approach undertakings, what helps them larn most efficaciously, and what schemes support their acquisition. The more instructors understand about what pupils know and how they think, the more capacity they have to reform their instruction, and the more chances they create for pupil success. In a reappraisal of research on appraisal and schoolroom acquisition, commissioned by the The Nuffield Foundation, Professors Paul Black and Dylan William carried out over 250 surveies associating appraisal and acquisition ( Black, P.J. and William, D1998 ) . the surveies showed that thoughts designed to heighten the manner appraisal is used by instructors in the schoolroom to promote acquisition, can well increase the pupil ‘s accomplishment. The survey besides found grounds that the addition was even more likely to be significant for low-achieving pupils. The research besides showed that bettering larning through assessment depends on cardinal factors such as: effectual feedback by the instructor to the pupils, active engagement of pupils in their ain acquisition, accommodation of learning manners to take history of the consequences of appraisal, and a acknowledgment by the instructor that assessment influences the self-esteem and motive of pupils. However, the research besid es identified several inhibiting factors: a inclination for instructors to measure measure and presentation of work instead than the quality of acquisition, excessively much focal point on marker and scaling, which tended to take down the self-pride of pupils, and instead than giving advice and counsel on betterment there was a strong focal point on comparing pupils which demotivated and demoralised the less successful pupils. In this instance it could be said that instructors ‘ feedback to pupils served societal and control intents instead than assisting the pupils to larn more efficaciously, possibly due to instructors non cognizing plenty about their pupils ‘ acquisition demands and motive. More by and large, on pupil motive, Harlen W. , A ; Deakin Crick R. ( 2002 ) carried out the most extended reappraisal of research in recent old ages on the consequence of summational proving. They found that those trials that were seen as â€Å" high bets † de-motivated many pupils. However, it has been argued that some pupils thrive in the face of nerve-racking challenges and in fact, external trials and scrutinies do motivate pupils to take what they are larning earnestly. Additionally, DFES 2007 tells us that the UK authorities has late suggested this, when suggesting debut of new trials. ( Roach, P. 1999 ) besides promotes the usage of summational equal appraisal, but to boot stresses the troubles faced by instructors in larning to release control of the appraisal procedure. The thought of turning over summational appraisal to pupils could be seen as debatable, but it has the potency for back uping deep acquisition within those pupils. The value of both ego and peer appr aisal is discussed in Brown and Glasner 1999, who province that pupils are required to larn by prosecuting in assessed undertakings. Assessment is non peripheral to the larning undertaking or a necessary immorality to be endured, It is cardinal to the whole acquisition procedure. Assessment, including contemplation on their ain work and that of their equals, is the larning itself. Assessment should supply an drift for pupil acquisition and to boot a accelerator for brooding instruction patterns. Teacher accomplishments Therefore, it is cardinal to the development of appropriate appraisal that there must be a direct nexus between what is being â€Å" taught † and what is being â€Å" learned. † Both instructor and pupil must be able to place this nexus. As described by Lorin, W. et.al 2001, the instructor needs to guarantee that the undertaking both in footings of the instructional procedure and the topic aims, is relevant and valid to guarantee that the larning experience of the pupil will ensue in the building of new cognition through a procedure that assembles personally identified content and accomplishments. Therefore, all farther appraisal may be reinforced by clear and concise categorization of larning results by the instructor to the pupil. Similar to pupils, instructors are besides scholars as they examine multiple measurings of pupil attitude and public presentation, every bit good as degrees of satisfaction. As modern instruction moves towards formative appraisal, and pupils are no longer being educated to execute rote undertakings focused on cognition and apprehension, there is a greater demand for instructors be supported as they get extra acquisition and learning accomplishments as Godheads and users of formative appraisal. Bullard, P. and Taylor B.O. ( 1994 ) suggest that all instructors who integrate appraisal into their instruction do so in order to place where their pupils are in their acquisition, and the stairss they need to take for betterment and advancement. However, historically instructors were frequently expected to be inactive Jesuss of course of study pre-packaged by a Government section and, or a distant text edition publication company. The turning motion towards instructors being shapers and users of assessment informations reflects the displacement from instructor as educational assembly line workers, to the facilitators of life-time scholar. Formative appraisal, for illustration, is assessment that is designed to back up larning. In recent old ages the importance of implementing appraisal in this signifier has come to the head, mostly because of Black and William ‘s ( 1998 ) often cited reappraisal of their research and evidentiary notes. Black and William ‘s grounds strongly supported the effectivity of formative appraisal and its publicity of larning. In acknowledgment of this fact, over a proportionally short period of clip their research has been recognized as the manner frontward by a assortment of educationists and non least by instructors themselves. This grass roots growing in acceptance by the instruction and educational sphere was bolstered by research-based rules designed to supply a principle for schoolroom pattern ( ARG, 2002 ; Gardner, 2006 ) . In â€Å" The Socrates Syndrome – Questions that should ne’er be Asked † Campbell ( 1995 ) suggests that true instruction is a â€Å" life-time of seamless experience, linking single episodes into an of all time spread outing web of significance, penetration and apprehension. † But Campbell besides acknowledges that inquiring the sorts of inquiries that make this true instruction possible is endangering. However, in the eyes of many of today ‘s educational professionals, an extraordinary assortment of classroom-targeted enterprises has been unleashed on schools over the past decennary and more, all with the same general purpose, that of the betterment of pupil acquisition. Appraisal by instructors, whether formative or summational, is one of these developments that is considered to offer important potency for bettering pupils ‘ acquisition ( Black and Wiliam, 1998 ; Harlen, 2007 ) . Darling Hammond, ( 1996 ) suggest that the focal point needs to be about assisting instructors use appraisal as portion of instruction and acquisition in ways that will raise pupils ‘ accomplishment. the usage of formative appraisal, Sadler, D.R. ( 1998 ) tells us that the most successful acquisition takes topographic point when pupils have ownership of their acquisition, understand the marks they are taking to accomplish, are motivated, and have the applicable accomplishments and tools in topographic point to assist them accomplish success. Therefore, non merely are these the most indispensable characteristics of effectual daily acquisition in any schoolroom, they are the basis of successful womb-to-tomb acquisition for all pupils. With this in head, it appears that the most of import message now facing the educational community is that appraisal, which is explicitly designed to advance acquisition, is the individual most powerful tool we have for both raising criterions and a uthorising womb-to-tomb scholars. The value that appraisal can hold in the procedure of acquisition every bit good as for rating work and entering accomplishment has been widely recognised ( TGAT 1998 ) . ( It is normally agreed that appraisal is one of the most powerful educational tools for advancing effectual acquisition ) . In decision Promoting kids ‘s acquisition is a chief purpose of schools and that appraisal lies at the bosom of that procedure. Additionally assessment should be seen as powerful tool for larning and non entirely a political solution to comprehend jobs over educational criterions and answerability. it can be said that appraisal is one of the most powerful educational tools for advancing effectual acquisition. It is an built-in portion in the instruction and larning procedure across all degrees of instruction. Therefore, due to assessment being one of the most important and of import parts in the hereafter of pupils, there can be perfectly no uncertainty that any assessment system now or in the hereafter will hold a major make up one’s minding factor in what pupils learn and the manner in which they carry out that larning. Hence appraisal will besides find the manner in which instruction professionals teach and what they teach. But as antecedently stated, appraisal is non merely about rating and transporting out scrutinies. It is besides about constructing a instruction relationship with pupils and the quality of the pupils larning and with that, to utilize that cognition and apprehension to heighten the pupils larning experience. Therefore it can be said that appraisal i s unambiguously one of the chief constituents of the instruction and acquisition procedure. It is hence of the most importance that all instructors are familiar non merely with the proficient facets of the different signifiers of appraisal presently in usage but besides with their advantages and restrictions in the current instruction sphere. How to cite Assessment is the most powerful tool for learning, Essay examples

Carry Out Business Activity and Installment Activity Statement Task

Question: Discuss about theCarry Out Business Activity and Installment for Activity Statement Task. Answer: Introduction: This paper aims to discuss about the provisions stated under Code of Professional Conduct in Australia regarding the income tax return lodging. The discussion is based on a specific situation and with this discussion, it has been tried to provide an advice regarding the income tax return lodging. Advice to the Client Lodging the income tax return on proper time (1st July to 31st October) is very important for an individual lives in Australia, otherwise it causes high amount of penalty to the individual. As per the provisions under income tax return lodging, the tax return for the previous year must be lodge in the assessment year (Ato.gov.au, 2016). However, in order to get an extended deadline, it is important to verify the tax history of the person. Tax return lodging extension may vary from individual to individual. A person can get the tax return extension only if the person has up to date tax affairs and who avails the services of the tax agent. However, if the person has any issue like unlodged income tax return in previous year or outstanding child support debts, The ATO may deny providing extension and in that case the person has to pay penalty (Etax.com.au, 2016). Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that income tax return is needed to be lodged on time that is in between 1st July to 31st October in each year. However, in order to avoid the penalty in late lodging, a person must have updated tax affairs and does not have unlodged report in the previous years. Reference List: Ato.gov.au. (2016). Ato.gov.au. Retrieved 17 August 2016, from https://www.ato.gov.au Etax.com.au. (2016). Etax.com.au. Retrieved 17 August 2016, from https://www.etax.com.au